GroWNC Regional Plan, Western North Carolina, North Carolina

Jurisdiction Name: Western North Carolina
State/Province: NC
Country: United States
Type of Government: Regional Agency
Population: 1,473,241
Population Range: 1 million or more
Policy Links: WebPDF
Policy type: plan
Year: 2013
GFC Topic: community food connections, community food production, community food security
Keywords: agricultural land preservation, environmental projects, food infrastructure, food production, healthy food access, local food access, regional agriculture, regional farms, rural, rural agriculture, sustainable agriculture, sustainable food, value-added
Adopting Government Department(s):

Land of Sky Regional Council

Lead Implementing Entity(s): LandDesign; University of North Carolina, Asheville's National Environmental Modeling and Analysis Center
Support Entity(s):

n/a

Funding Amount: $1.6 million (2010-11)
Funding Sources: Department of Housing and Urban Development through the Partnership for Sustainable Communities - The Sustainable Communitites Planning Grant Program
Policy Outcome(s):

The GroWNC Regional Plan spans five counties within the western portion of North Carolina. Although the plan covers various sectors, it incorporates many initiatives around food, farming, and agriculture due to their importance in the regional economy. For example, one of the goals of the resource conservation section is the preservation of agriculture and forestry lands. Further, the goal is supported by strategies such as permitting, allocating funding for farmland protection through local sales tax, establishing utility service agreements between jurisdictions and agricultural areas for water and sewer infrastructure, and identifying and encouraging opportunities for non-timber income such as forest foods. Another goal in the resource conversation section is to support the Appalachian Sustainable Agriculture Project, a project that helps local farmers succeed by linking farmers to markets and other supports and building healthy communities through connections to food. This goal requires developing a regional agriculture infrastructure assessment, supporting research that assists the regions food production, value-added products, marketing, and branding, preserving productive farmland and soils, and establishing a goal for a percentage of food sources locally for school lunches. Lastly, the ‘Healthy Communities’ section of the plan focuses on health and diets, and emphasizes the goal of improving healthy and local food access in all communities of the region. To do so, the plan reports that there must be a: revision of local ordinances to allow for farmers’ markets, produce stands and other outlets for fresh local foods, promotion of healthy local food in lower-income and rural areas, promotion/expansion of the use of EBT to purchase food at Farmers’ Markets, and replication and expansion of the program Green Opportunities around culinary skills, gardening/food production and business opportunities to train youth.

Additional Resources and Information: Link 1

Recognizing the Importance of Healthy, Sustainably Produced and Locally Grown Foods and Creating the Homegrown Minneapolis Implementation Task Force, Resolution No. 2009R-283

Jurisdiction Name: Minneapolis
State/Province: MN
Country: United States
Type of Government: Municipality
Population: 392,880
Population Range: 250,000 to 999,999
Policy Links: PDF
Policy type: resolution
Year: 2009
GFC Topic: community food connections, community food production, community food security
Keywords: EBT, access, agriculture, community garden, community garden program, community kitchen, distribution, double-value redemption program, farmers market, food access, food distribution, food processing, food security, healthy, healthy food, healthy food incentive program, homegrown minneapolis, homegrown minneapolis implementation task force, incentive, incentive program, kitchen, local, local food, local food sustainability indicator, minneapolis local food resource hubs network, minneapolis market bucks, plan, processing, program, sustainability, urban, urban agriculture, urban agriculture plan, urban agriculture policy plan
Adopting Government Department(s):

Minneapolis City Council

Lead Implementing Entity(s): Minneapolis Health Department, Homegrown Minneapolis Steering Committee
Support Entity(s):

n/a

Funding Amount:
Funding Sources:
Policy Outcome(s):

Acknowledged the importance of local foods to the economy, environment and health of residents; authorized a short-term, 16 member implementation task force to pursue the implementation of 8 Homegrown Minneapolis priority recommendations and report back to City Council at 9 and 18-month intervals; provided city staff with direction and institutional permission to take on food system projects as part of work plans, and incorporate food related activities into grant writing processes; authorized development of Minneapolis Local Food Sustainability Indicator for the comprehensive plan, the Minneapolis Urban Agriculture Policy Plan, Minneapolis Community Garden Program, Minneapolis Local Food Resource Hubs Network, Market Bucks program, and other food system related programs

Additional Resources and Information: Link 1

Water Efficient Irrigation, Ordinance No. 301-10

Jurisdiction Name: San Francisco City and County
State/Province: CA
Country: United States
Type of Government: Municipality/County
Population: 827,420
Population Range: 250,000 to 999,999
Policy Links: WebPDF
Policy type: ordinance
Year: 2010
GFC Topic: community food production
Keywords: agriculture, food production, irrigation, maximum applied water allowance, production, urban, urban agriculture, water, water allowance, water budget, water conservation, water efficient irrigation ordinance
Adopting Government Department(s):

City and County of San Francisco Board of Supervisors

Lead Implementing Entity(s): San Francisco Public Utilities Commission
Support Entity(s):

n/a

Funding Amount:
Funding Sources:
Policy Outcome(s):

California State Water Conservation in Landscaping Act (Assembly Bill 1881) required all communities to adopt ordinances that regulate landscape irrigation practices and plant use; ordinance amended San Francisco Administrative Code to comply with mandate; requires that landscape projects (including some urban agriculture projects meeting specific criteria) be installed, constructed, operated, and maintained in accordance with rules adopted by the SFPUC that establish a water budget (maximum applied water allowance) for outdoor water consumption

Additional Resources and Information: Link 1

East Wenatchee Ordinance No. 2013-03

Jurisdiction Name: East Wenatchee
State/Province: WA
Country: United States
Type of Government: Municipality
Population: 13,190
Population Range: 2,500 to 19,999
Policy Links: WebPDF
Policy type: ordinance
Year: 2013
GFC Topic: community food production
Keywords: agriculture, animal husbandry. animal permit, animals, backyard animals, backyard chickens, chickens, goats, keeping of animals, land use, local, local food production, rural agriculture, small animals, urban agriculture, zoning
Adopting Government Department(s):

City Council of the City of East Wenatchee

Lead Implementing Entity(s): n/a
Support Entity(s):

n/a

Funding Amount: n/a
Funding Sources: n/a
Policy Outcome(s):

This ordinance addresses agriculture on residential zoned parcels and the keeping of farm animals within the city. Changes were made to the city code that include a set of agricultural definitions and new amendments that permit small farm animals, large farm animals, domestic fowl, pot belly pigs, and miniature goats as part of a 4H, Future Farmers of America, or similar program, or as a pet or companion animal on residential zoned parcels. There are particular standards for minimum pasture areas, the specific animals permitted, the size of animals, and enclosures needed for animals. Commercial keeping of such animals is prohibited on these lots. The keeping of peacocks, roosters, male poultry, and swine (other than miniature potbelly pigs) is prohibited.

Additional Resources and Information: Link 1

Urban Food Zoning Code Update, Ordinance No. 185412

Jurisdiction Name: Portland
State/Province: OR
Country: United States
Type of Government: Municipality
Population: 583,776
Population Range: 250,000 to 999,999
Policy Links: WebPDF
Policy type:
Year: 2012
GFC Topic: community food production, community food security
Keywords: access, agriculture, community food and agriculture, community garden, farmers market, food access, food retail, food system, land use, local food access, local food production, urban, urban agriculture, zoning
Adopting Government Department(s):

Portland City Council

Lead Implementing Entity(s): Portland Planning and Sustainability Commission, Bureau of Planning and Sustainability
Support Entity(s):

Portland-Multnomah Food Policy Council, Oregon Public Health Institute. Bureau of Development Services, Bureau of Transportation, Communities Putting Prevention to Work, Multnomah County Health Department

Funding Amount: $7.5 Million
Funding Sources: Oregon Public Health Institute, Communities Putting Prevention to Work, Multnomah County Health Department
Policy Outcome(s):

This comprehensive policy addresses many aspects of the food system through innovative zoning in Portland, Oregon. The zoning code amendments address the following topics: market gardens, community gardens, food membership distribution sites and farmers’ markets. Previously, market gardens were allowed only in designated agricultural use areas, community gardens were allowed in all zones, and food membership distribution sites were not mentioned in the zoning code.  The zoning codes were amended so that all of these activities would be allowed in all zones with regulations to mitigate impacts.

Additional Resources and Information: Link 1Link 2

Greensboro Fresh Food Action Plan, Greensboro, North Carolina

Jurisdiction Name: Greensboro
State/Province: NC
Country: United States
Type of Government: Municipality
Population: 284,816
Population Range: 250,000 to 999,999
Policy Links: WebPDF
Policy type: plan
Year: 2015
GFC Topic: community food connections, community food production, community food security
Keywords: SNAP, aggregation, agribusiness, agricultural practices, agriculture, city, community, community garden, corner store, county, farm, food access, food hub, grocery store, healthy, local, local food system, plan, retail, urban
Adopting Government Department(s):

Greensboro City Council

Lead Implementing Entity(s): City of Greensboro
Support Entity(s):

Guilford County Cooperative Extension Office; Greensboro Farmers Market; Out of the Garden Project; University of North Carolina at Greensboro

Funding Amount: One-time grant of $470,000 to help implementation of the Greensboro Fresh Food Access Plan
Funding Sources: US Department of Agriculture (USDA) Local Food Promotion Program (LFPP)
Policy Outcome(s):

Funded by the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) Local Food Promotion Program (LFPP), this plan set goals to increase retail access to fresh, local produce, and to strengthen the local food system in Greensboro. In order to meet these goals, the Greensboro Fresh Food Action Plan offers three comprehensive strategies: (1) improve retail access to fresh local foods in neighborhoods through community efforts and initiatives; (2) expand existing local food business enterprises; and (3) create new local food business enterprises that address identified gaps in food access. Based on findings from interviews and surveys of residents, businesses, and food system stakeholders, the plan’s recommendations and analyses were compiled to supplement pre-existing community efforts and to address issues related to food access. Some key recommendations are to conduct a Know your Farmer education and outreach campaign to bring awareness to locally available fresh foods, to establish a Food Hub in order to narrow the gap in local food access, to build and sustain relationships between producers, distributors, and customers in effort to create a sustainable market demand for local fresh foods in Greensboro, and several other tangible suggestions. The City of Greensboro offers these recommendations as opportunities of optional participation and encourage public engagement and formation of partnerships amid implementation. The plan was adopted by the Greensboro City Council in 2015.

Additional Resources and Information: Link 1

Open Space PGH, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

Jurisdiction Name: Pittsburgh
State/Province: PA
Country: United States
Type of Government: Municipality
Population: 305,012
Population Range: 250,000 to 999,999
Policy Links: WebPDF
Policy type: plan
Year: 2013
GFC Topic: community food connections, community food production
Keywords: community, community garden, development, environment, food production, green space, market, noncommercial urban agriculture, open space, parks, parks and recreation, planning, public, urban agriculture, urban farming, vacant
Adopting Government Department(s):

Pittsburgh City Council

Lead Implementing Entity(s): Pittsburgh Department of City Planning; CitiParks (formerly known as Parks and Recreation Department)
Support Entity(s):

Department of Public Works; Urban Redevelopment Authority; Pittsburgh Public Schools; MIG Inc.; Mount Washington Community Development Corporation

Funding Amount: $5.5 million annually
Funding Sources: City of Pittsburgh (Pittsburgh Department of Public Works' Annual Budget)
Policy Outcome(s):

The Open Space Plan, a component of Pittsburgh’s Comprehensive Plan, is a guide to the optimal use of vacant, green and recreational spaces. Adopted in 2013, the plan introduced five central goals that seek to transform and sustain the city’s open space system in compliance with the visions of city residents. In 2015, there was an update to the plan’s information of the municipal zoning code in the interest of improving and increasing agriculture, and other food production methods (e.g., aquaponics), in the city. Also included in the plan are other action steps related to urban agriculture, such as ensuring urban agriculture is completed outside of environmentally sensitive areas, and altering regulations to allow urban farmers to sell their produce on publicly-owned land through commercial use agreements (outside of community gardens). Programs and initiatives under the provision of the Open Space Plan have shown to attract new users and partners to Pittsburgh’s open space system. For example, Grow Pittsburgh, an organization that advocates for local food production and healthy living through projects such as Edible Schoolyards and community gardens, is one of several innovative programs demonstrating use of forgotten spaces under OpenSpacePGH. With guidance from the plan, decision makers can re-organize current systems to redevelop them to serve Pittsburgh in an efficient and effective manner. OpenSpacePGH encourages stewardship and documentation of progress toward city goals to advance toward sustainable open spaces that provide opportunity for their users.

Additional Resources and Information: Link 1

Garden Irrigation Fund, Grant Agreement

Jurisdiction Name: Baltimore City
State/Province: MD
Country: United States
Type of Government: Municipality
Population: 620,961
Population Range: 250,000 to 999,999
Policy Links: PDF
Policy type: grant agreement
Year: 2014
GFC Topic: community food production
Keywords: agriculture, community garden, funding, grant, grant program, irrigation, public funds, urban, urban agriculture, water access
Adopting Government Department(s):

Baltimore City Board of Estimates

Lead Implementing Entity(s): Parks & People Foundation
Support Entity(s):

Baltimore City Department of Planning, Baltimore City Office of Sustainability, Baltimore City Department of Public Works, Baltimore Green Space

Funding Amount: $3000/garden site; $24,000 appropriated by Board of Estimates in 2014 as a Grant Agreement
Funding Sources:
Policy Outcome(s):

enabled a second round of the Garden Irrigation Fund Program – up to $3,000 of support for the installation of direct lines into community garden sites in need of water access; set roles and expectations for the program, in which community-managed open space site managers would apply for support for installation of water lines; required applicants to make the case for why direct water access is necessary or preferable, and for how their site serves the Baltimore community

Additional Resources and Information: Link 1Link 2