| Jurisdiction Name: | Denver |
| State/Province: | CO |
| Country: | United States |
| Type of Government: | Municipality/County |
| Population: | 600,158 |
| Population Range: | 250,000 to 999,999 |
| Policy Links: | Web – PDF |
| Policy type: | plan |
| Year: | 2014 |
| GFC Topic: | community food connections, community food production, community food security |
| Keywords: | agriculture, climate, climate adaptation, climate change, education, food acess, food hub, food retail, food security, local agriculture, local food, local food access, pest management, pests, plan, protection |
| Adopting Government Department(s): | City and County of Denver |
| Lead Implementing Entity(s): | Denver Climate Resilience Committee |
| Support Entity(s): | Supporting entities include city agencies and community partners, depending on the activities/strategies listed throughout the plan |
| Funding Amount: | n/a |
| Funding Sources: | n/a |
| Policy Outcome(s): | The 2014 City and County of Denver Climate Adaptation Plan is a supplement to the 2007 Climate Action Plan. These two documents, along with an updated 2015 Climate Action Plan, all work in tandem to address persistent climate-related challenges. One of the sections in the Climate Adaptation Plan is food and agriculture, the aim of which is to identify strategies that can adapt Denver’s food and agricultural systems to changing climate conditions. The two main goals of the section are to: 1) increase food security and 2) protect local agricultural resources against the increased threat of pests, invasive species and noxious weeds. The strategy to accomplish the former goal is to encourage local agriculture and a broad range of food outlets and regional food hubs for processing and distributing local foods. The strategy to accomplish the latter goal is to identify and assess invasive species and other threats to agricultural resources. Both strategies plan to utilize partnerships with educational and extension programs and public outreach campaigns. |
| Additional Resources and Information: | Link 1 |
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Be Healthy Denver: Denver’s Community Health Improvement Plan 2013-2018, Action Plan, Denver, Colorado
| Jurisdiction Name: | Denver |
| State/Province: | CO |
| Country: | United States |
| Type of Government: | Municipality/County |
| Population: | 600,158 |
| Population Range: | 250,000 to 999,999 |
| Policy Links: | Web – PDF |
| Policy type: | plan |
| Year: | 2013 |
| GFC Topic: | community food connections, community food security |
| Keywords: | education, food access, health promoting, healthy, healthy eating, healthy food access, nutrition, school meal, strategic action plan, underserved, urban agriculture |
| Adopting Government Department(s): | Denver City Council |
| Lead Implementing Entity(s): | Denver Department of Public Health and Environment |
| Support Entity(s): | Supporting entities are identified within each objective |
| Funding Amount: | n/a |
| Funding Sources: | n/a |
| Policy Outcome(s): | The Community Health Improvement Action Plan is a supplementary document for the Full Community Health Improvement Plan. The action plan has two components: access to care and healthy eating and active living (HEAL). The goal for the former component is for at least 95% of Denver residents to have access to primary medical care and behavioral health care by 2018. The goal for HEAL is an increase by 5 percentage points by 2018 of Denver children and adolescents who are at a healthy weight. To accomplish this goal, objectives include increasing access to nutritious food in underserved areas and schools, incorporating health in policy, processing, and planning, and developing a HEAL marketing campaign. Strategies to accomplish these objectives include creating incentives for grocery stores and convenience stores in low-income areas to offer healthy foods, increasing urban agriculture and gardens, improving access to farmers markets for low-income populations, and implementing healthy vending policies. The latter strategy was accomplished in 2018 when the Mayor of Denver, Michael Hancock, passed an executive order for healthier vending machines throughout the city. |
| Additional Resources and Information: | Link 1 |
Key Partners
The American Planning Association‘s Planning and Community Health Research Center (PCH) has undertaken significant work in the area of food systems planning. PCH builds upon this work by supporting the research, policy & practice, and education activities of Growing Food Connections, to strengthen local and regional food systems planning in the United States.
David Rouse, AICP
Managing Director, Research and Advisory Services
David is APA’s Managing Director of Research and Advisory Services in Washington, DC. He is responsible for the overall design, direction and management of APA’s research programs, including the National Centers for Planning (Green Communities, Hazards Planning, and Planning and Community Health), the Planning Advisory Service and other initiatives. Trained as both a planner and a landscape architect, David has more than 30 years of private and public sector experience in community planning and design. Prior to joining APA, David was a principal at Wallace Roberts & Todd (WRT), a national practice based in Philadelphia. In this capacity, he led WRT’s work on the award-winning Lancaster County, PA Growth Management Plan and Cultivating Community Comprehensive Plan for Union County, PA, as well as other projects addressing food systems and the agricultural economy.
Anna Ricklin
Manager, Planning and Community Health Research Center
Anna first became aware of the importance of the built environment to healthy living when she worked to promote public transit, walking and biking in Portland, Oregon. When she moved to Baltimore, MD for graduate school, Anna discovered that transportation choices and access to services were critical to a high quality of life. She later worked on transit planning and bike projects with the Baltimore City Department of Transportation, and completed a health impact assessment of a future light rail line.
In 2011, Anna joined the American Planning Association as Manager of the Planning and Community Health Research Center with the aim to better integrate health into all aspects of planning practice. She now works with APA members and partners to research and disseminate best practices that benefit public health, including solutions to the obesity crisis, healthcare access and traditional environmental health concerns. Anna has a Master’s of Health Science from the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health and a BA in Anthropology from American University.
D.C. Healthy Schools Act, Title 38, Chapter 8A
| Jurisdiction Name: | Washington |
| State/Province: | DC |
| Country: | United States |
| Type of Government: | Municipality |
| Population: | 601,723 |
| Population Range: | 250,000 to 999,999 |
| Policy Links: | Web – PDF |
| Policy type: | act |
| Year: | 2010 |
| GFC Topic: | community food connections, community food security |
| Keywords: | access, farm to institution, food purchasing, food purchasing policy, health promoting, healthy, healthy food, local food, local food procurement, local food purchasing, local food system, public funds, school, underserved |
| Adopting Government Department(s): | District of Columbia Council |
| Lead Implementing Entity(s): | Office of the State Superintendent of Education |
| Support Entity(s): | DC Public schools Office of Food and Nutrition Services, Office of Public Education Facilities Modernization, District Department of the Environment, Department of Parks and Recreation, Department of Health, DC Hunger Solutions, Alliance for a Healthier Generation, University of the District of Columbia, Friends of Choice in Urban Schools (FOCUS) |
| Funding Amount: | n/a |
| Funding Sources: | Kaiser Permanente, Thrive, Walmart, USDA, Stop & Shop Giant Family Foundation, Action for Healthy Kids, |
| Policy Outcome(s): | The act creates a number of programmatic and policy solutions to combat health issues stemming from hunger, poor nutrition, poor environment, and inadequate physical activities. All of these changes are made at the school level, and the act requires both public and charter schools in DC to participate. |
| Additional Resources and Information: | Link 1 |
City of Portland and Multnomah County Climate Action Plan
| Jurisdiction Name: | Multnomah County |
| State/Province: | OR |
| Country: | United States |
| Type of Government: | Municipality/County |
| Population: | 790,294 |
| Population Range: | 250,000 to 999,999 |
| Policy Links: | Web – PDF |
| Policy type: | plan |
| Year: | 2009 |
| GFC Topic: | community food production |
| Keywords: | advisory group, agriculture, development, food access, food distribution, food infrastructure, food procurement, food production, food purchasing, food security, food system, food system metrics, food waste, land use, local food, reporting, rural agriculture, sustainability |
| Adopting Government Department(s): | City of Portland, Multnomah County |
| Lead Implementing Entity(s): | Multnomah County Office of Sustainability |
| Support Entity(s): | City of Portland Office of Planning and Sustainability |
| Funding Amount: | N/A |
| Funding Sources: | N/A |
| Policy Outcome(s): | Work to reestablish funding to the Oregon State University Extension Service for educational opportunities; integrate sustainable food system issues into planning process for Multnomah Food Initiative; encourage local food production, providing incentives and removing regulatory obstacles; develop policy and provide programmatic resources to increase percentage of home-grown and locally-sourced foods; promote consideration of carbon emissions related to food procution, transportation, use and disposal as cirteria for purchasing decisions; prepare and assessment of climate-related vulnerabilities, strengths and resiliency of local food to better understand likely impacts of climate change. |
| Additional Resources and Information: | Link 1 – Link 2 |
Farmers’ Markets Ordinance No. 29-07
| Jurisdiction Name: | San Francisco City and County |
| State/Province: | CA |
| Country: | United States |
| Type of Government: | Municipality/County |
| Population: | 827,420 |
| Population Range: | 250,000 to 999,999 |
| Policy Links: | |
| Policy type: | ordinance |
| Year: | 2007 |
| GFC Topic: | community food connections |
| Keywords: | SNAP, WIC, access, buy local, farmers market, food access, food assistance, food retail, food security, food stamps, local, local food, low-income, needs assessment, retail, underserved, vulnerable population |
| Adopting Government Department(s): | City and County of San Francisco Board of Supervisors |
| Lead Implementing Entity(s): | San Francisco Agricultural Commissioner, San Francisco Recreation and Park Department, San Francsico Department of Public Health |
| Support Entity(s): | San Francisco Recreation and Park Department, San Francisco Department of Public Health |
| Funding Amount: | |
| Funding Sources: | |
| Policy Outcome(s): | Authorized farmers’ markets to be located on Recreation and Park Commission land under the rules and regulations of the Agricultural Commissioner; established terms and conditions for permission to sell at a farmers’ market; required farmers’ markets to accept federal, state or local food assistance programs’ forms of payment; required an annual needs assessment of neighborhoods that could support additional farmers’ markets without impact viability of locally owned businesses, with an emphasis on underserved neighborhoods |
| Additional Resources and Information: | Link 1 |
Amendment to Portland City Code, Chapter 33 (Minimum Wage)
| Jurisdiction Name: | Portland |
| State/Province: | ME |
| Country: | United States |
| Type of Government: | Municipality |
| Population: | 66,649 |
| Population Range: | 50,000 to 249,999 |
| Policy Links: | Web – PDF |
| Policy type: | legislation and regulations |
| Year: | 2015 |
| GFC Topic: | community food security |
| Keywords: | amendment, employment, food security, minimum wage, ordinance, poverty reduction |
| Adopting Government Department(s): | Portland City Council |
| Lead Implementing Entity(s): | Portland City Council |
| Support Entity(s): | n/a |
| Funding Amount: | n/a |
| Funding Sources: | n/a |
| Policy Outcome(s): | Beginning on January 1, 2016, the regular Minimum Wage for all Employees, including, but not limited to, Service Employees, shall be raised to $10.10 per hour. The minimum wage will increase to $10.68/hr on 1/1/17, and beginning on 7/1/18, the minimum wage will be increased annually in accordance to the Consumer Price Index. One purpose for the minimum wage raise: more than 50 percent of Portland public school students are eligible for free lunch, meaning their families have incomes at between 100 percent and 185 percent of the Federal poverty level, which is higher than what a single parent with one child in school would earn with a full-time minimum wage job |
| Additional Resources and Information: | Link 1 |
Community Health Improvement Plan, City of Austin and Travis County, Texas
| Jurisdiction Name: | Austin |
| State/Province: | TX |
| Country: | United States |
| Type of Government: | Municipality/County |
| Population: | 950,715 |
| Population Range: | 250,000 to 999,999 |
| Policy Links: | Web – PDF |
| Policy type: | plan |
| Year: | 2018 |
| GFC Topic: | community food connections, community food security |
| Keywords: | city, community health, culturally appropriate, food access, health, health promotion, healthy eating, healthy food access |
| Adopting Government Department(s): | Austin City Council |
| Lead Implementing Entity(s): | Austin Public Health (formerly City of Austin/Travis County Health and Human Services) |
| Support Entity(s): | Austin Transportation Department; Capital Metropolitan Transportation Authority (CapMetro); Central Health; Integral Care; Seton Healthcare Family; St. David’s Foundation; Travis County Health and Human Services; The University of Texas at Austin Dell Medical School; The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health in Austin |
| Funding Amount: | n/a |
| Funding Sources: | n/a |
| Policy Outcome(s): | This plan provides the City of Austin and Travis County with a framework to comprehensively improve the health and well-being of residents in upcoming years. In order to develop the plan, Austin Department of Public Health conducted a Community Health Assessment, which consisted of focus groups, community interviews, and key informant meetings, to develop a comprehensive plan to address the health-related experiences and challenges faced by residents in the two counties. Utilizing the social determinants of health framework, the plan addresses four priority areas: access to and affordability of health care; chronic disease; sexual health; and stress, mental health, and well-being. Further, the plan identified various challenges related to food, such as lack of access to healthy and culturally appropriate food, food marketing, and lack of healthy food retailers. These challenges were primarily addressed in the chronic disease priority area, in which specific action items include: the development of nutrition classes for residents; the implementation of workshops and other educational strategies in schools, community centers, and after-school programs; the creation of a healthy marketing campaign by local organizations; the conversion of city space to increase green areas and other recreational facilities; supporting ongoing efforts to increase transportation access to healthy retail sites; and ongoing data collection to more fully understand the assets and adaptations utilized by residents to obtain healthy and culturally appropriate food. |
| Additional Resources and Information: | Link 1 |
Keeping of Miniature Goats, Sec. 4-9
| Jurisdiction Name: | Charlottesville |
| State/Province: | VA |
| Country: | United States |
| Type of Government: | Municipality |
| Population: | 43,475 |
| Population Range: | 1 million or more |
| Policy Links: | Web |
| Policy type: | ordinance |
| Year: | 2010 |
| GFC Topic: | community food production |
| Keywords: | agriculture, animals, backyard animals, food production, goats, land use, local food, local food production, urban, urban agriculture |
| Adopting Government Department(s): | Charlottesville City Council |
| Lead Implementing Entity(s): | n/a |
| Support Entity(s): | n/a |
| Funding Amount: | n/a |
| Funding Sources: | n/a |
| Policy Outcome(s): | This ordinance permits a maximum of three miniature goats on any residential zoning district in the city. The only other restrictions are that males must be neutered and goats must be dehorned. Nursing off-spring may be kept until they are twelve weeks old, and are not included in the number of goats allowed. |
| Additional Resources and Information: | Link 1 |
The Philadelphia Code, Title 14
| Jurisdiction Name: | Philadelphia |
| State/Province: | PA |
| Country: | United States |
| Type of Government: | Municipality |
| Population: | 1,526,006 |
| Population Range: | 1 million or more |
| Policy Links: | Web |
| Policy type: | bill |
| Year: | 2012 |
| GFC Topic: | community food production |
| Keywords: | CSA, access, agriculture, animal husbandry, animals, community garden, community supported agriculture, community supported farm, farm, farming, food access, food infrastructure, food production, food system, fruit, greenhouse, horticulture, infrastructure, land use, nursery, production, urban, urban agriculture, urban farming, vegetables, zoning, zoning code |
| Adopting Government Department(s): | Philadelphia City Council |
| Lead Implementing Entity(s): | Philadelphia City Planning Commission |
| Support Entity(s): | n/a |
| Funding Amount: | The zoning commission had a budget of $500,000 a year from FY9-FY12 |
| Funding Sources: | not available |
| Policy Outcome(s): | Bill repealed and replaced Title 14 of the Philadelphia Code (Zoning and Planning); new zoning code recognizes four subcategories of urban agriculture including animal husbandry, community garden, market or community-supported farm, and horticulture nurseries and greenhouses (see Zoning Code Chapter 14-601.11); permits urban agriculture and community gardens as-of right in most residential and commercial districts; permits animal husbandry in most industrial districts; allows the square footage of fresh food markets to not count against the maximum buildable area for development projects. |
| Additional Resources and Information: | Link 1 |